Cellulitis: Causes, Types, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

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The primary function of the skin, the largest organ of the body, is to protect the body from infections. But sometimes the skin becomes infected when pathogens such as bacteria, virus, or fungus start attacking it. In this article, we will be discussing cellulitis, a bacterial skin infection that develops in the deep layers of the skin.

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What Is Cellulitis ^[1]

Cellulitis is a common painful bacterial infection that usually affects the skin of the lower legs, but it can also occur on your face, arms or other parts of the body. The affected skin appears to be red and swollen and is quite painful and warm to the touch.

Cellulitis usually develops on the surface of the skin, but it may also affect the soft tissues underneath and spread to your lymph nodes and bloodstream.

What Causes Cellulitis ^[2]

Cellulitis occurs when certain types of bacteria such as Staphylococcus and Streptococcus come in contact with the skin through a cut, scratch, or surgical wound. Animal bites can also cause cellulitis.

Types Of Cellulitis

• Breast cellulitis - It is a complication which can develop after radiation therapy for breast cancer ^[3] .

• Periorbital cellulitis - This type of cellulitis develops around the eyes ^[4] .

• Facial cellulitis - Facial cellulitis develops around the nose, cheeks and eyes ^[5] .

• Perianal cellulitis - This type of infection infects the anus and rectum ^[6] .

Symptoms Of Cellulitis

• Swelling and redness
• Tenderness and pain
• Warmth
• Fever
• Nausea
• Shivers
• Chills and cold sweats
• Fatigue
• A skin sore with pus
• Dizziness
• Lightheadedness
• Muscle aches

Risk Factors Of Cellulitis ^[7]

• Age - Cellulitis infection is more likely to occur during or after middle age.

• History - If you have had cellulitis before you have an 8-20% risk of getting it again.

• Obesity - People who are obese have an increased risk of cellulitis.

• Injury - An injury caused by a cut, burn, or fracture allows the entry of bacteria.

• Skin conditions - Eczema, athlete's foot and shingles cause tears on the skin which can make way for the bacteria.

• Weak immunity - People with diabetes, HIV/AIDS and leukaemia are susceptible to cellulitis.

• Lymphedema - It is a condition that causes swollen skin, which can crack and allow the bacteria to enter.

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Complications Of Cellulitis

• It can damage the lymphatic drainage system and cause chronic swelling of the affected limb.
• It can lead to blood infection and sepsis.
• In rare cases, cellulitis can spread and infect other parts of the body, including the muscles, bones or heart valves.

When To See A Doctor

It's important to treat cellulitis early because it can spread easily throughout the body. If you notice a red, swollen, tender rash on the skin that's changing rapidly you should immediately consult a doctor.

Diagnosis Of Cellulitis ^[8]

According to the American Academy of Dermatology Association, doctors diagnose cellulitis by examining the infected skin and ask questions like whether you have had a recent injury to your skin, any medical conditions you have and what medications you take.

Treatment Of Cellulitis ^[8]

Antibiotics are prescribed for 5 to 14 days for treating cellulitis. In most cases, after a few days, the symptoms disappear. If the infection is severe, you may need intravenous antibiotics. If your symptoms get worse, you may have to be hospitalized for a few days to ensure faster treatment.

Your doctor may also advise rest and might recommend you to elevate the affected area, to aid in faster recovery.

Prevention Of Cellulitis

• Avoid scratching an insect bite to prevent infection.

• Treat cuts, wounds, and grazes to lower the risk of infection.

• Keep your skin moisturised to prevents cracks in the skin.

• Maintain a healthy weight.

• Avoid smoking and limit alcohol consumption.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this article is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not intended as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.