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Facts About Congenital Heart Disease
The heart disease present at birth is called congenital heart disease (CHD). The prevalence of the disease is about 0.5%-0.8% of the live births (8/1000).
It is a major cause of death (after prematurity) in the first year of life. There was a time when people used to wonder how can a newborn have heart disease.
Now, the technology has advanced so much that we can diagnose it in the mother's womb when the foetus is barely 22 weeks old!
This disease can be grouped into two, first being the simple congenital heart disease and second being the complex congenital heart disease.
Today, the incidence of CHD is increasing day by day because of the ignorance and increase in the bad habits of young child-bearing women.
Causes For CHD:
- Obesity and diabetes mellitus
- Viral fever, especially Rubella syndrome (German measles)
- Taking harmful medicines for sleeping, anxiety, bronchial asthma, fits (convulsions), depression, narcotics like cocaine and heroine, hair dye or ingesting pesticides in food
- Exposure to X-rays during the first 3 months of pregnancy
- Consumption of alcohol and tobacco in any form
- Genetic inheritance
- Native drugs used for abortion, in which the foetus does not get aborted, as it will be born with complex congenital diseases
- If mother has heart disease or previous child has heart disease
Apart from all these, even late pregnancy can cause a higher incidence of Down's syndrome, in which apart from mental retardation and physical abnormalities, 50% of them can have complex atrioventricular (AV) canal defect in the heart.
Also Read: 5 Heriditary Diseases To Watch Out For
The Baltimore study has shown that indulging in smoking and drinking alcohol can increase the incidence of blockage in the right side of the heart and hole in the heart.
Nowadays, it is shown that there is a chance of alcohol foetal syndrome (AFS), in which apart from heart disease, the brain development is stunted and the child is born with a small head!
How
to
make
out
if
neonate
has
CHD?
If
the
child
does
not
cry
soon
after
birth,
it
is
blue
(cyanotic),
struggling
to
breath,
has
lower
chest
retraction,
increased
pre-cordial
activity
and
gets
pneumonia
or
has
repeated
respiratory
infections,
these
are
the
cases
to
suggest
CHD
in
the
newborn.
Suckling the breast milk is an exercise; and if child is not able to drink breast milk for 10 minutes and rests in between, which makes the baby feel breathless on breastfeeding, it indicates that the heart is weak.
During immunisation, if the paediatrician finds a murmur sound in the heart, he/she would suggest you to consult a paediatric cardiologist for further evaluations.
How
to
prevent
CHD?
Remember
all
the
don'ts
when
pregnant.
Never
ever
indulge
in
alcohol
or
smoking
and
never
take
any
medicine,
especially
in
the
first
3
months
of
pregnancy.
Start taking folic acid even before conceiving and continue to prevent CHD in your to-be born child. Motherhood is the greatest boon, so never make it a nightmare by over-indulgence.
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