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World Obesity Day: What Causes Obesity? Its Symptoms & Treatment
On this World Obesity Day, let us see what are the causes, symptoms and treatment of obesity are.
October 26 is observed as World Obesity Day. Obesity is a leading health disorder in today's world, especially in the industrialised countries.
In the US, 69 per cent of the adult population is considered to be obese or overweight. The figures are also high in Canada.
India, despite known to be a developing country with a significant part of its population living below the poverty line, is also catching up fast along with the Chinese population on the scale.
What
Is
Obesity?
We
gain
weight
when
we
gain
more
calories
than
our
body
uses
it
up.
If
the
food
we
consume
provides
more
calories
than
what
the
body
requires,
the
excess
gets
converted
into
fat.
In the beginning, the fat cells increase in size, but when they can no longer expand, their numbers grow. If an obese person loses weight, the size of the fat cells decrease but the numbers do not. The condition of obesity creates high risk of serious medical conditions of high blood pressure, heart attack, stroke and also cancer.
Causes
Of
Obesity:
Obesity
is
more
than
the
simple
cause
of
over-eating
and
under-exercising
because
of
lack
of
self-control
and
will
power.
There
are
behavioural,
genetic,
environmental
and
social
factors
that
are
also
related
to
obesity.
Here are some causes of obesity in short:
Lifestyle: Diet and sedentary lifestyle play a major role in causing obesity.
Genetics: The genes also play a big role in the efficiency of the body's metabolism and the storage and distribution of the body's fat. In case any one of one's parents is obese, one has a high risk of becoming obese.
Age: Loss of muscle and slowing down of the metabolism reduce the calorie requirements with growing age and this makes people gain weight.
Emotional: A lot of people eat excessively because of emotional reasons (depression, anger, boredom, etc.) that have very little to do with hunger.
Gender: Women are more vulnerable to obesity, since their body consumes less calories than men who have more muscles that burn more calories. Hence, the same amount of calorie intake makes women obese than men.
Pregnancy: Women gain weight during pregnancy; and if they show tendency of obesity on the top of it, it is a harmful sign.
Socio-economic Factors: If your neighbourhood has too many shops selling junk food and not fresh fruits, your eating habits tend to get ruined.
Environmental: If you have enough people around you who are obese or follow unhealthy lifestyles that make them obese, you also get influenced by them.
Distribution Of Fat: The distribution of body fat also plays an important role in determining your obesity. Excess fat deposit around waist is riskier than the one distributed on the hips and thighs.
Medical Conditions: Cushing syndrome, certain medications, eating disorder like bulimia, etc., can cause obesity.
Symptoms & Complications Related To Obesity:
Here are some symptoms that come with this health disorder:
- Breathing disorders like sleep apnea, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- Depression
- Diabetes
- Gallbladder or liver ailments
- Coronary disease
- High blood pressure
- High cholesterol
- Joint ailments like osteoarthritis
- Cancers
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease or GERD
Diagnosing Obesity:
The diagnosis is done on the basis of physical examination and patient history. A measurement called BMI (body mass index) can be taken though it doesn't measure the body fat directly but it helps in assessing the health risk associated with obesity.
A BMI between 18.5 and 24.9 is considered ideal in terms of health. Anything above 25 is considered overweight and above 30 means obesity is setting in. This doesn't apply to groups like the under-aged, pregnant women, etc.
Treatment:
Here are some ways to treat the problem of obesity:
- Following a weight-management procedure including physical activity, healthy diet and change of daily habits for the better
- Psychological counselling to overcome emotional factors
- Not undertaking crash diet courses but setting realistic goals
-
Medical
treatment
but
it
has
to
be
combined
with
the
above
measures
as
well.
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