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World No Tobacco Day: Cigarette Smoking, Its Risk Factors, Addiction, Quitting And Treatment
According to the WHO, six million people die because of tobacco smoking and an estimated 600,000 individuals lose their lives due to second-hand smoke globally each year. A recent study found that smoking is related to about 20% of adult mortality around the world. It is projected that smoking will cause the death of 8 million people every year by 2030 and 80% of these deaths will occur in low- and middle-income countries. Smoking is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular and chronic respiratory diseases, stroke, and cancers of many organs of the body such as the mouth, larynx, lungs, kidneys, cervix and pancreas.
Of
the
more
than
6
million
tobacco-related
deaths
every
year
across
the
world,
one-sixth
occur
in
India
alone.
Experts
see
the
total
tobacco-related
deaths
rising
to
8
million
by
2030.
In
India
alone,
every
third
adult
consumes
some
form
of
tobacco.
Bidis
are
the
most
commonly
consumed
tobacco
product
and
are
primarily
consumed
by
the
poor.
Bidis
alone
contributed
to
5.8
lakh
deaths
in
the
country
in
2011.
Tobacco
causes
1
death
every
6
seconds
yet
India
is
the
second
leading
consumer.
Tobacco
doesn't
harm
the
individual
alone,
but
also
affects
national
economies
through
increased
healthcare
costs
and
decreased
productivity.
It
worsens
health
inequalities
and
exacerbates
poverty.
Some chemicals in a cigarette are:
•
Ammonia
-
commonly
used
in
toilet
cleaners.
•
Cyanide
-
used
as
rat
poison.
•
Formaldehyde
-
used
in
laboratories
for
the
preservation
of
dead
specimens.
•
Nicotine
-
"the
Hook",
habit-forming,
addictive
drug
Diseases
caused
due
to
smoking:
•
Cancer:
Lung
cancer,
cervical
cancer,
cancer
of
mouth
and
throat,
bladder,
pancreas,
kidneys
and
stomach.
Cancer
of
the
bone
marrow.
It
helps
cancers
multiply
in
many
other
parts
of
the
body.
•
Coronary
heart
disease
and
stroke:
Respiratory
illness
including
chronic
obstructive
pulmonary
disease,
pneumonia,
bronchitis
and
emphysema.
•
Infertility:
This
is
caused
n
both
men
and
women.
Damages
blood
vessels
in
the
penis,
which
may
make
men
impotent.
•
Osteoporosis:
Smoking
places
women
at
the
risk
of
developing
cancer
of
the
uterus,
vulva,
and
liver
colon,
gastric
ulcers,
breast
cancer.
Smoking
is
a
known
risk
factor
for
osteoporosis.
•
Peripheral
Vascular
Disease
(PVD)
-
Poor
circulation
leads
to
gangrene
Nicotine in cigarettes increase heart rate and blood pressure, Heart works much harder and needs more oxygen.
Passive Smoking
Smokers
not
only
put
themselves
at
risk
of
serious
health
problems
but
people
around
them
are
also
exposed
to
the
toxic
chemicals
in
tobacco.
There
are
3
different
types
of
tobacco
smoke:
1.
Mainstream
smoke
-
smoke
directly
inhaled
by
the
smoker
2.
Exhaled
mainstream
smoke
-
smoke
breathed
out
3.
Sidestream
smoke
-
smoke
drifting
from
the
burning
end
of
the
cigarette.
There is no safe level of exposure to tobacco smoke.
If you are a non-smoker being exposed to tobacco smoke is dangerous. Passive smoking is linked to lung cancer, breast cancer, nasal sinus cancer, heart disease, stroke, lung disease and asthma. Passive smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of SIDS (sudden infant death syndrome) and miscarriage and affects the baby's birth weight and development of the infant's lungs.
Babies and children exposed to smoke are at risk of childhood cancers, middle ear infections, decreased lung function, the onset of asthma, bronchitis. It is estimated that tobacco smoke causes 450,000 lower respiratory tract infections in infants & young children needing 25,000 hospitalizations. Children of parents who smoke are more likely to try cigarettes in their teenage years and become regular smokers. Parents are role models for their children.
Third-Hand Smoke
It is not new that second-hand smoke is harmful to your children. So maybe you turn down the windows in your car. Research has highlighted the dangers for non-smokers exposed to smoke in cars. Contrary to common belief, opening the window does not eliminate the dangers of tobacco smoke. Clothes and hair pick up the toxins too. In fact, besides the smoker and the passive smoker who is inhaling the smoke, there is a 3rd category called "3rd hand smoker "smokers leave traces of their smoke along with the harmful chemicals on curtains, clothes, bedsheets, sofas which are harmful to the 3rd hand people who use the same room/bed. A small child crawling in the room picks up tobacco particles in this way. It may lead to cognitive deficits in children. There is no gradual process or "tomorrow".
After 24 hrs of quitting smoking, the levels of CO in your blood drops dramatically. Within 5 days of quitting smoking, all nicotine products leave your body. The taste buds come alive again. Your breath, hair, fingers, teeth and clothes will be cleaner. At 1-week cilia of the lungs start cleaning mucus again. After 3 months your lung's cleansing system will be working normally. Blood is less thick and sticky and blood flow improves. After 10-15 years your risk of death from all causes, including lung cancer, will be close to that of someone who never smoked.
World No Tobacco Day 2021: List Of Diseases Caused By Smoking
What Can We Do?
1.
Build
Public
Opinion
against
Tobacco.
Understanding
and
Awareness
work
better
than
a
Ban,
though
drastic
action
invites
thoughtful
discussion.
2.
Schools
&
Colleges
are
ideal
settings
for
thoughtful
awareness
programmes.
3.
Withdraw
all
privileges
to
tobacco
companies;
lifestyle
products
that
strengthen
the
Brand
must
be
banned.
It
was
a
public
outcry
that
removed
the
Tobacco
sponsorship
of
Sports.
4.
Study
the
Tobacco
Control
Act
and
its
provisions.
5.
Enforce
existing
legislation
stringently.
6.
Demand
utilization
of
Tobacco
taxes
to
set
up
detox
quit
programmes,
and
a
coherent
anti-Tobacco
policy.
7.
Put
anti-smoking
Quit
products
(Nicotine
patches,
Gum,
etc)
side-by-side
with
Tobacco
products,
in
kiosks,
not
Chemist
shops
The
COVID-19
pandemic
has
led
to
millions
of
tobacco
users
saying
they
want
to
quit.
Commit
to
quit
today
and
sign
the
pledge.
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