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Thirukkural-On Wealth-Avoidance Of Faults-Kural-432
Uvakaiyum aedham iraikku
Parsimony
born
out
of
greed,
selfish
pride
and
excessive
pleasure
seeking,
All
three
are
faults
in
a
prince.
The term, concerning which there is difference of opinion in translation and interpretation is 'Ivaral' My translation of this word is based on Pariperumal"s interpretation. Of all the commentators, he alone would say that there are two aspects to miserliness, one, of coveting what he cannot legitimately come by and which cannot rightfully belong to him, and, consideration whatsoever for those to whom it should legitimately go and to the other needy poor. The expression 'parsimony born out of greed" will cover both these aspects of miserliness.
K V Jaganathan in his Research edition of Thirukkural quotes from Kalithokai to explain the send aspect:
“Ieedhalin
kuraikaataadharanarindh
tholugiya
Theedhilaan
selvam
poal"
K Srinivasan ignores the meaning of parsimony or miserliness, emphasised by V V S Iyer and speaks only of Greed.
These two Kurals speak of the obviously serious faults, that a king may be guilty of, and which he should strive hard to avoid.
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