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Expert Article: Knee Replacement Surgery In India
Knee replacement surgery is one of the most widely done orthopaedic procedures worldwide.
In addition to ageing, the urban lifestyle has contributed to various muscular and skeletal issues, such as persistent knee pain. When oral medication and physical therapy are ineffective, surgery is recommended. Clinical results and patient satisfaction are now incomparable, thanks to recent technological advancements.
Prevalence of Knee Replacement in India
Statistics predict a high rate of increase in joint replacements in India between 2020 and 2026. Osteoarthritis of the knee in India is 15 times more prevalent than in the west. Studies say that the genetic composition and the regular activities of Indians are unfriendly to the knee. More than 15 crore Indians suffer from knee pain of some kind, of which about four crore Indians have to undergo knee replacement surgery.
With the increase in the volume of patients seeking knee and hip replacements, efficient technology is required to perform the surgery faster with minimal post-surgical risks.
There has been a paradigm shift in the technology used for knee replacement surgeries in India. In the present era of artificial intelligence (AI) and computer sciences, biomedical engineering has reached its zenith.
Indications for a knee replacement surgery:
When the classical signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis fail to be relieved by conservative means.
When is knee replacement surgery not advised?
●
Severe
comorbidities
●
Any
infection
present
●
Nerve-related
issues
in
the
joint
●
The
skin
over
the
knee
is
affected
●
Poor
blood
supply
to
the
joint
●
Psychological
problems
●
Poor
patient
motivation
What is knee replacement surgery?
Knee replacement surgery, also called knee arthroplasty ( KA), can be of 2 types:
1.
Total
Knee
Arthroplasty
(TKA)
2.
Partial
Knee
Arthroplasty
(
PKA)
Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA): All surfaces of the knee joint are replaced for smoother functioning.
Partial Knee Arthroplasty (PKA): When any of the 3 compartments of the knee are affected by osteoarthritis, only a part of the knee is replaced.
Advantages of PKA:
●
Faster
recovery
●
Faster
rehabilitation
●
Less
post-surgical
trauma
●
Less
invasive
Disadvantages of PKA:
●
Incomplete
elimination
of
pain
●
The
probability
of
a
TKA
in
the
future
Techniques for knee replacement surgery:
1. Traditional knee replacement surgery:
This involves the incision of the quadriceps tendon and the complete turnover of the kneecap to access the arthritic joint. The recovery time is longer in this technique.
2. Minimally invasive knee replacement surgery:
Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) involves a shorter incision cut and the kneecap being pushed to the side and not turned over. The implants placed are similar to traditional surgery.
Advantages of the minimally invasive knee replacement surgery:
●
Faster
recovery
time
●
Quicker
healing
●
No
complications
of
bleeding
and
blood
clots
●
Mobility
of
the
joint
is
enhanced
as
the
tendons
and
muscles
are
not
incised
3. Computer-assisted surgery (CAS):
The scans of the knee joint are registered on a computer that generates a 3-D model of the knee. The software aids the surgeons in precise and less invasive surgery.
Complications of knee replacement surgery:
●
Knee
stiffness
and
reduced
mobility
●
Nerve
damage
around
the
knee
●
Bleeding
at
the
site
●
Residual
blood
clots
Conclusion
The
projected
scores
for
successful
knee
replacements
in
India
by
the
year
2026
are
commendable.
Cuvis
joint
replacement
is
one
of
the
latest
developments
in
this
field,
which
involves
AI
and
robotics
to
perform
knee
surgery.
Stay
tuned
to
learn
more!
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