Don't Ignore The Signs: How Dengue Fever Symptoms Can Lead To Death

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In 2023, and as of 8 June, 2 162 214 cases and 974 dengue deaths have been reported globally. And in July, India is witnessing a sudden surge in the number of dengue cases with eight people dying from dengue and close to 700 people having been infected with the vector-borne disease.

Dengue fever, caused by the dengue virus transmitted through mosquito bites, affects millions worldwide. Dengue cases have increased dramatically in India, primarily as a result of heavy rains and insufficient control measures, which provide mosquitoes with an ideal breeding environment.

Dengue Virus Type-2, the type of dengue virus that is prevalent now is the most severe and tends to cause haemorrhagic fever and mortality [1]. According to health department officials, a majority of the samples found positive for dengue in Delhi were serotype-2.

What Are The Common Symptoms Of Dengue Fever?

1. High fever

One of the primary indicators of dengue fever is a high and sudden onset of fever. The body temperature can soar above 104°F (40°C), accompanied by chills and intense sweating. This symptom is often mistaken for the common flu, but it's crucial to differentiate dengue fever to prevent its progression.

2. Severe headache and eye pain

Dengue fever can cause excruciating headaches, particularly behind the eyes. Eye pain is another common symptom, which can range from mild discomfort to intense aching. The pain can be too extreme that you may find it difficult to do even the simplest task [2].

3. Joint and muscle pain

Dengue fever often develops with severe joint and muscle pain, earning it the nickname "breakbone fever." The pain can be debilitating and affect mobility, making it difficult to carry out regular tasks [3].

4. Skin rash

A rash may appear on the skin after a few days of fever onset. It typically starts on the face and spreads to the rest of the body. The rash can vary in appearance and may exhibit a bright red colour or tiny red spots. While it may seem harmless, it is essential not to overlook this symptom, especially during dengue season [4].

5. Bleeding and easy bruising

In severe cases of dengue fever, patients may experience bleeding and easy bruising. This can manifest as nosebleeds, bleeding gums, or small red spots on the skin called petechiae. Internal bleeding can also occur, leading to more critical complications.

How Can Dengue Fever Symptoms Lead To Death?

If not managed properly, dengue fever symptoms can progress to severe complications, potentially resulting in death [5].

1. Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF)

In some cases, dengue fever can develop into DHF, characterised by plasma leakage, bleeding, and organ damage. Without prompt medical intervention, DHF can be fatal.

2. Organ failure

Severe dengue fever can lead to organ failure, particularly liver and heart failure. This occurs when the virus affects these vital organs, leading to life-threatening complications.

3. Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS)

DSS is a severe form of dengue fever, characterised by a rapid drop in blood pressure, leading to shock. It can result in multi-organ failure and, if left untreated, can be fatal.

On A Final Note...

Dengue fever is a serious illness that should not be taken lightly. Early detection and timely treatment are crucial in preventing complications and saving lives.