World Kidney Day 2023: Kidney Cancer: Know Causes, Symptoms, Signs & Treatment

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As the name implies, kidney cancer is an abnormal growth of cells within the kidneys. The most common type of kidney cancer among adults is renal cell carcinoma. Other types of kidney cancer can also occur less frequently.

A type of kidney cancer known as Wilm's tumour is more likely to develop in young children [1].

What Are The Types Of Kidney Cancer?

Kidney cancer comes in a variety of forms. Below are a few of the most common types [2]:

• The most common form of kidney cancer in adults is renal cell carcinoma (RCC), which accounts for 85% of all kidney cancers.
• Transitional cell carcinoma accounts for 6% to 7% of all kidney cancers.
• The rare form of kidney cancer, renal sarcoma accounts for only 1% of all kidney cancers.
• A Wilms tumour is the most common type of kidney cancer in children, accounting for approximately 5% of all cases.

What Causes Kidney Cancer?

A number of factors can increase your chances of developing kidney cancer, including smoking, high blood pressure, obesity, radiation therapy, genetic changes, long-term dialysis treatment, and family history [3].

What Are The Symptoms Of Kidney Cancer?

Early in the course of kidney cancer, there may not be any noticeable symptoms. However, as the tumour grows, more symptoms may appear, which is why kidney cancer is often not diagnosed until it has spread.

Kidney cancer symptoms may include the following [4]:

• Blood in your pee
• A lump or mass in your kidney area
• Tiredness
• Loss of appetite
• Weight loss
• Fever
• Bone pain
• High blood pressure
• Anaemia

Who Is At Risk Of Developing Kidney Cancer?

People between the ages of 65 and 74 are most susceptible to developing kidney cancer. Males are twice as likely to develop the disease as females [5]. Children are much less likely to develop kidney cancer.

How Is Kidney Cancer Diagnosed?

Whenever you experience symptoms of kidney cancer, your healthcare provider will conduct a complete medical history and physical exam. They may also order certain tests to assist in diagnosing and assessing the disease. These tests may include urine tests, blood tests, CT scans, etc.

How Is Kidney Cancer Treated?

A variety of treatment options are available for kidney cancer depending on the stage and grade of the tumour, your age, and your overall health. These treatments include surgery, ablation, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, targeted drug therapy, and sometimes chemotherapy [6].

Is Kidney Cancer Preventable?

Although there is no specific cause of kidney cancer, you may be able to reduce your risk by not smoking and by managing certain conditions such as diabetes, high blood pressure, and obesity.