Why Diabetes Looks Different for Every Patient, Expert Explains

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Diabetes isn't just one diagnosis; it is multiple variations depending on someone's genetics, biological conditions, and lifestyle. While all diabetic patients will have different symptoms, treatments will be dependent on the cause of symptoms and higher blood sugar levels. To determine the most suitable treatments for you, it is beneficial to have a basic understanding of the nuances of each individual's type of diabetes.

We spoke to Dr Ravi Kesari, MD, General Physician, Apollo Spectra Hospital, Bangaluru, who shared insights on the same.

Diabetes Variants

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Generally known types of diabetes are Type 1 diabetes and Type 2 diabetes. "In Type 1 diabetes, the body's own immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the cells responsible for producing insulin. When this happens, the body will not have sufficient insulin to convert the glucose level in the blood, explained Dr Kesari.

"Contrary to Type 1 diabetes, in Type 2 diabetes, the body cells resist the insulin present, resulting in a high concentration of glucose in the blood, which also affects the pancreas's function. A lesser-known diabetes subtype is Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young, which is caused by a genetic mutation in the individual," he added.

Different Symptoms of Diabetes

"Diabetic dermopathy and rubeosis faciei are two distinct skin conditions commonly associated with diabetes. Some people experience thickened skin; these skin variations depend entirely on the type of diabetes, the progression of the disease, and the control of blood glucose levels," said Dr Kesari.

People with Type 1 diabetes develop quick symptoms within days or weeks, symptoms like rapid weight loss, nausea, vomiting, severe abdominal pain, and develop DKA, diabetic ketoacidosis, which is the result of high ketone levels due to insulin deficiency.

It is easy to identify Type 1 diabetes, whereas Type 2 diabetes is critical to detect as the symptoms may not occur for years or the symptoms might be mild to get a check-up. The symptoms include subtle fatigue, frequent infections, and slow wound healing. These mild symptoms are often not detected as signs of diabetes by people.

Factors That Influence Symptoms and Severity of Diabetes

Human Genes

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"Genes have a greater impact on the overall functions of the body. It influences the production of insulin, the immune system, and it also impacts how the body metabolises glucose. Therefore, genes are one of the most common reasons for the development of diabetes and other complications," explained Dr Kesari.

Age

It is also a factor for various symptoms and types of diabetes. Type 1 diabetes typically occurs in young adults and children, with Type 2 occurring in older adults. Managing older individuals with diabetes is more complex because they usually have other health issues, such as high blood pressure or high cholesterol. In such complex cases of older individuals with diabetes, it is more difficult for individuals to manage their blood sugar levels.

Role of Diet

When obtaining a diagnosis of Diabetes, food and physical activity will be part of the clinical examination. "If someone who has developed diabetes and continues to consume highly processed carbohydrates, grocery store pre-packaged sweetened sugar will have a high probability of affecting their insulin resistance, and making diabetes more challenging to manage, primarily Type 2 diabetes," added Dr Kesari. To manage blood sugar levels effectively, it is essential to incorporate some form of exercise, such as walking, jogging, weightlifting, or yoga, into your routine.

Message From The Expert

Dr Kesari concluded, "The person can consciously be active and consume appropriate food to maintain a stable blood sugar level, as this is key to managing diabetes and preventing severe symptoms. If the person fails to keep the blood sugar levels, it will disrupt their daily life with fatigue, and other symptoms, and it also tends to damage other organs and tissues, leading to much severe health issues."

Disclaimer: The information provided in this article is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not intended as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.