Diet During Chemotherapy: What Helps Reduce Nausea, Fatigue, and Appetite Loss

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Chemotherapy has several effects on the body. Nausea, fatigue, changes in taste, and loss of appetite are some of the symptoms. There is no single diet that can help in the treatment of cancer. However, healthy eating habits can help in dealing with the situation.

On this World Cancer Day, which is observed on 4th February every year, we spoke to Dr Sneha Kommineni, Consultant - Medical Oncology, Aster RV Hospital, Bengaluru, who explained the side effects of chemotherapy and how you can manage it with your diet.

Chemotherapy targets rapidly dividing cancer cells. But in the process, it can also affect healthy cells in the digestive system and the brain's nausea control centres. This leads to sensations of queasiness, reduced hunger, or even changes in taste.

Managing Nausea and Vomiting

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"Small, frequent meals are usually better tolerated than large portions. Dry, bland foods such as toast, crackers, rice, or bananas can help settle the stomach. Ginger, in the form of tea, chews, or added to food, has been shown to reduce chemotherapy-related nausea in many patients," said Dr Kommineni. Avoiding strong smells, oily or spicy foods, and eating slowly can also help. Staying hydrated with fluids like water, coconut water, soups, or oral rehydration solutions is the key, especially when vomiting.

Coping with Appetite Loss and Taste Changes

Loss of appetite is a common symptom, so the emphasis should be on nutrient-dense foods rather than their volume. Soft and easy-to-eat foods such as curd, smoothies, porridge, dal, or soups may be more readily accepted. "If food tastes metallic or bitter, using lemon, herbs, or mild spices can improve palatability. Using plastic cutlery instead of metal may also reduce metallic taste. Patients should eat when their appetite is best, even if that means unconventional meal timings," advised Dr Kommineni.

Reducing Fatigue Through Nutrition

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Fatigue associated with chemotherapy is often associated with low calorie and protein intake. Adding protein to all meals, such as eggs, dairy products, pulses, tofu, fish, or meat. These foods help to build muscle strength and energy. Complex carbohydrates like whole grains, millets, fruits, and vegetables act as a source of sustained energy, while healthy fats from nuts, seeds, and oils increase calorie intake without increasing food volume.

Food Safety and Individualisation

Chemotherapy can cause immunosuppression, and hence, food safety becomes a priority. Foods should be freshly prepared, well-cooked, and hygienically stored. "Raw or unpasteurised foods should be avoided unless advised otherwise. Importantly, dietary needs vary based on cancer type, treatment phase, and side effects, so nutrition plans should be individualised," added Dr Kommineni.

Strategies to Improve Appetite

While it may take time to regain normal eating habits, small and consistent changes can make a big difference. Here are some expert-recommended tips:

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• Eat frequent meals: Instead of eating three full meals, try to eat 5-6 small meals in a day to keep your stomach comfortable.
• Eat soft and light foods: Soups, mashed vegetables, porridge, and fruit shakes are easy on the stomach.
• Add flavour smartly: Using mild herbs, lemon, or mint can help mask metallic tastes caused by chemotherapy.
• Stay hydrated: Dehydration worsens nausea. Sip water, coconut water, or light herbal teas frequently.
• Don't skip breakfast: Morning meals can stabilise energy levels before nausea sets in.

Bottomline

Dr Kommineni concluded, "Loss of appetite and nausea can also affect mental health, leading to anxiety or frustration about food and body image. Support groups, counselling, and family encouragement play a major role in helping patients stay motivated."

Disclaimer: The information provided in this article is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not intended as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.