Common Myths About Cervical Cancer That Stop Women From Getting Checked

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Cervical cancer is one of the cancers most preventable by nature, yet so many women delay or avoid screening because of some common myths and misconceptions. Such misunderstandings lead to late diagnosis, a time when treatment becomes more complex. Therefore, addressing these myths becomes an important step toward improving women's health.

We spoke to Dr Sujoy Fernandes, Consultant - Radiation Oncology, Manipal Hospital, Goa, who debunked myths about cervical cancer and stated the facts.

The Global and Indian Burden of Cervical Cancer

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Cervical cancer is a major public health problem worldwide as it is ranked as the fourth most frequent cancer in women worldwide, with an incidence of approximately 660,000 new cases and 350,000 deaths in 2022, mostly from low- and middle-resource countries. India also accounts for a high incidence of cervical cancer, with more than 123,000 new cases and 74,000 deaths annually.

Myth 1: Cervical cancer affects only older women

One of the biggest myths about cervical cancer is that it only strikes women of advanced ages. "While it is true in most cases, it can, in fact, happen to women in their reproductive ages too, especially if they have been exposed to certain strains of High Risk Human Papillomavirus. Regular screening is important regardless of age once a woman becomes sexually active," said Dr Fernandes.

Myth 2: Screening is needed only if symptoms appear

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The other common myth is that screened tests have no value unless symptoms are shown. It is also common knowledge that cervical cancer grows silently in the early stages, with no symptom at all. "Waiting for warning signs like abnormal bleeding or pain may mean the disease has already progressed. Screening tests such as the Pap smear and HPV testing are designed to detect changes long before symptoms appear," explained Dr Fernandes.

Myth 3: Being in a monogamous relationship means no risk

Many women also think that being in a monogamous relationship eliminates the risk. However, HPV infection can occur years earlier and remain dormant. Even women who have only had one partner their entire lives can be prone to it, and that is why they must be screened.

Myth 4: The screening procedure is painful or embarrassing

Fear and embarrassment associated with the test procedure are also a barrier to the mammogram test. While the mammogram test might be a little uncomfortable, the test is for a short period and painless, and the benefits of the test are too numerous to ignore, even if the test might be a little uncomfortable for the patient.

Myth 5: HPV vaccination removes the need for screening

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Some believe that vaccination against HPV removes the need for screening. "Although the vaccine significantly reduces risk, it does not protect against all cancer-causing strains. Vaccinated women still need regular check-ups," said Dr Fernandes.

Why Breaking These Myths Matters

Dr Fernandes concluded, "Breaking these myths through awareness and education can save lives. Cervical cancer screening is a simple, effective tool that empowers women to take control of their health. Early detection does not only enable women to improve their chances of surviving this disease but also enables them to avoid aggressive forms of treatment. Thus, this cancer would be preventable instead of fatal."