World Cancer Day 2026: Women Should Do This One Test Every Year To Lower Cervical Cancer Risk

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As World Cancer Day 2026 approaches on 4 February, conversations around preventable cancers become more urgent than ever. Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women globally, with hundreds of thousands of new cases diagnosed each year.

Photo Credit: Freepik

In India, it continues to affect thousands of women annually. Despite being one of the most preventable cancers, late detection remains common because early-stage cervical cancer often shows no symptoms. Experts emphasise that awareness, routine screening, and timely vaccination can make a life-saving difference.

Dr Nisha Buchade, gynaecologist and obstetrician at Vasavi Hospitals, explains why cervical cancer prevention must begin long before symptoms appear and how simple medical steps can dramatically reduce risk.

Understanding Cervical Cancer: Causes And Risks

Cervical cancer is a type of cancer that starts in the cervix, the lower part of the womb that connects to the birth canal. The main cause is a long-lasting infection with certain types of human papillomavirus (HPV), a common virus that spreads through intimate contact. Most HPV infections go away on their own, but when some types stay in the body for years, they can cause changes in the cells that may eventually turn into cancer. In the early stages, cervical cancer usually does not show any symptoms, which is why knowing the risks and getting regular check-ups are so important.

Why Cervical Cancer Often Goes Undetected

Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers affecting women in India. The primary cause is persistent infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV), though overall health can play a role. Dr Nisha Buchade, gynaecologist and obstetrician at Vasavi Hospitals said that HPV infection in the cervix and precancerous lesions are usually asymptomatic, making routine screening the only reliable method for early detection.

When and How Often Women Should Get Screened

Dr Buchade said, "All women irrespective of symptoms, should undergo regular Pap smear or HPV testing. Screening should start once women are sexually active. Even vaccinated women need regular screening because the vaccine protects against certain HPV strains but does not replace the need for surveillance."

She added, "I would suggest that conventional Pap smears should be done annually, while liquid-based cytology can be done once every three years, and HPV testing every five years due to higher accuracy."

HPV Vaccination: Who Should Take It And Why

She said that HPV vaccination is safe, well-studied, and recommended worldwide for both girls and boys. "It helps prevent cervical cancer, as well as oropharyngeal, penile, and anal cancers in boys."

For girls under 15, two doses six months apart are required; those above 15 need three doses at 0, 2, and 6 months. Vaccination is most effective for girls and women starting from 9 years of age and those who are not sexually active, but it can still provide protection for married women who are not infected with HPV.

Dr Buchade added that multiple HPV strains are covered by the vaccine, so even partial protection reduces cancer risk. "There are no side effects from taking the vaccine after marriage," she said.

Recognising Symptoms And Acting Early

Dr Buchade said that early treatment of pre-cancerous lesions is crucial to prevent cervical cancer. "Screening and vaccination together make cervical cancer largely preventable."

She noted that symptoms of cervical cancer may include blood-stained discharge, foul-smelling vaginal discharge, bleeding after physical intimacy, or pelvic pain-signs that should prompt immediate testing.

Cervical cancer can be prevented with timely vaccination, routine screening, and early intervention, she said, adding, "All women should be aware of its risks, symptoms, and the need for regular check-ups to safeguard reproductive health."

Photo Credit: Freepik

As World Cancer Day 2026 reminds us, preventing cancer is not always about complex treatments, it often begins with timely awareness and simple medical choices. Cervical cancer stands apart because it is largely preventable, yet continues to claim lives due to missed screenings and delayed action. Regular Pap smears, HPV testing, and vaccination offer women a clear path to protection long before the disease takes hold.

Experts emphasise that silence around symptoms and hesitation around screening can be costly. Knowing the risks, recognising warning signs, and prioritising routine check-ups can change outcomes significantly. The message is direct: cervical cancer does not have to be a life-altering diagnosis when prevention and early detection are within reach.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this article is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not intended as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.