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Vitamin E: Health Benefits, Food Sources, Dosage, Side Effects And Precautions
Vitamin E is one of the essential nutrients required by our body. It keeps the immune system strong, helps in the formation of red blood cells, and prevents the blood from clotting [1] . Vitamin E is a fat-soluble compound which is naturally found in many dietary sources and consuming those foods help in preventing vitamin E deficiency diseases and maintaining good health [2] .
Vitamin E is known for its antioxidant property and it helps in reducing the oxidative stress in our body and minimizing the chances of illnesses.
Health Benefits Of Vitamin E
There are a plethora of health benefits for vitamin E. Some of the health benefits are as follows:
1. Prevents ataxia: Ataxia is a coordination disorder due to brain, muscle and nerve damage. The antioxidant in vitamin E is very effective in preventing coordination disorders like ataxia and dyspraxia [3]
2. Lowers the chances of degenerative diseases: Vitamin E is an antioxidant which counteracts the oxidative stress in our body, hence preventing degenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.
3. Prevents premenstrual syndrome (PMS): Excessive prolactin or abnormally elevated prolactin causes symptoms of PMS in women. Vitamin E normalises the effect of prolactin and prevents PMS [4] .
4. Improves kidney functions: High blood pressure is usually related to impaired kidney functions. The antioxidant in vitamin E ease the high blood pressure and improve the kidney functions in the body.
5. Treats granuloma annulare: Granuloma annulare is marked by redness, bumps and inflammation of the skin. Vitamin E counteracts inflammation and helps reduce many skin problems.
6. Improves vision and other eye diseases: Unstable molecules break down eye tissues and lowers the vision. Vitamin E helps improves vision and other ocular diseases because of its antioxidant property [5] .
7. Maintains muscle strength: As vitamin E is lipid-soluble, it dissolves in the membrane and prevents free radical attack, thus maintaining muscle strength.
8. Improves liver function: Vitamin E is very effective in treating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and liver inflammation. It improves the functions of liver enzymes and prevents accumulation of fat in it.
9. Treats infertility in men: Vitamin E improves the quality of sperm and protects them from oxidative damage. In this way, it preserves male fertility and other related problems.
10. Treats early symptoms of Huntington's disease: Vitamin E prevents nerve cell membranes from damage by oxidative stress, thus preventing neurodegenerative disease like Huntington's disease [6] .
Food Sources Of Vitamin E
Some foods that include vitamin E are as follows [7] :
Food sources (100 g) | Amount of vitamin E (mg) |
Peanuts | 8.33 mg |
Sunflower oil | 41.08 mg |
Olive oil | 14.35 mg |
Canola oil | 17.46 mg |
Broccoli | 0.78 mg |
Spinach | 2.03 mg |
Tomatoes green | 0.38 mg |
Tuna | 1 mg |
Salmon sockeye | 0.83 mg |
Dry roasted sunflower seeds | 26.10 mg |
Cheese | 0.26 mg |
Kiwifruit | 1.46 mg |
Fortified instant breakfast cereals | 0.51 mg |
Egg yolks | 2.58 mg |
Mango | 0.9 mg |
Dosage Of Vitamin E
An adequate amount of any nutrient can help our body in multiple ways. For that, proper dosage is needed based on age, sex, gender and other health problems of a person. However, the recommended dosage of vitamin E per day according to the National Institutes of Health (NIH) is as follows [8] :
- 15 mg for people above 14
- 19 mg for lactating women
- 4 mg for an infant of 6 months
- 5 mg for an infant between 6 months to 1 year
- 6 mg for an infant between age 1-3 years
- 7 mg for an infant between age 4-8 years
- 11 mg for an infant between age 9-13 years
Disclaimer: Please consult an expert before consumption.
Side Effects Of Vitamin E
As aforementioned, vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin which gets stored in our body's fat tissues. Taking a large amount of vitamin E by mouth can cause possible side effects. The common side effects of vitamin E are the following:
- Diarrhoea
- Headache
- Nausea
- Fatigue
- Blurred vision
- Issues in female ovaries and male testicles [9] .
- Intestinal cramps
- Rashes
Vitamin E Interactions
Vitamin E can interact with around 61 kinds of drugs. Be careful while consuming it with some medications or other dietary sources. However, it is always recommended to consult a doctor before its intake.
- Vitamin E can moderately interact with ferrous sulfate, polysaccharide iron, and iron sucrose.
- High dose of vitamin E can interact with chemotherapy drugs [10]
- Moderate interaction with medication taken for the liver
- Moderate interaction with slow blood clotting drugs [11]
- Moderate interaction with drugs taken to lower down cholesterol
- Do not take mineral oil with vitamin E.
- Don't take vitamin E with alcohol.
- Avoid taking vitamin E with grapefruit.
Precautions
-
Consult
a
doctor
before
having
vitamin
E
during
pregnancy
as
it
may
be
harmful
to
the
foetus.
Avoid taking vitamin E immediately after angioplasty. - Diabetic people should restrict the amount of vitamin E in their diet as it may enhance the risk of heart failure.
- People with Vitamin K deficiency should consult a doctor before vitamin E consumption as it may worsen their clotting problems.
- It may increase the chances or worsen the condition of prostate cancer in men.
- People with a history of stroke should avoid it.
- [1] Rizvi, S., Raza, S. T., Ahmed, F., Ahmad, A., Abbas, S., & Mahdi, F. (2014). The role of vitamin E in human health and some diseases. Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal, 14(2), e157.
- [2] Albahrani, A. A., & Greaves, R. F. (2016). Fat-soluble vitamins: clinical indications and current challenges for chromatographic measurement. The Clinical Biochemist Reviews, 37(1), 27.
- [3] Vitamin E Inadequacy in Humans: Causes and Consequences1,2
- [4] Dadkhah, H., Ebrahimi, E., & Fathizadeh, N. (2016). Evaluating the effects of vitamin D and vitamin E supplement on premenstrual syndrome: A randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. Iranian journal of nursing and midwifery research, 21(2), 159.
- [5] Taylor, H. R., Tikellis, G., Robman, L. D., McCarty, C. A., & McNeil, J. J. (2002). Vitamin E supplementation and macular degeneration: randomised controlled trial. Bmj, 325(7354), 11.
- [6] Johri, A., & Beal, M. F. (2012). Antioxidants in Huntington's disease. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Molecular Basis of Disease, 1822(5), 664-674.
- [7] USDA Food Composition Databases. United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service.
- [8] Niki, E. (2015). Evidence for beneficial effects of vitamin E. The Korean journal of internal medicine, 30(5), 571.
- [9] Klein, E. A., Thompson, I., Tangen, C. M., Lucia, M. S., Goodman, P., Minasian, L. M., ... & Lieber, M. M. (2012). Vitamin E and the risk of prostate cancer: Updated results of the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT).
- [10] Yasueda, A., Urushima, H., & Ito, T. (2016). Efficacy and interaction of antioxidant supplements as adjuvant therapy in cancer treatment: a systematic review. Integrative cancer therapies, 15(1), 17-39.
- [11] Dowd, P., & Zheng, Z. B. (1995). On the mechanism of the anticlotting action of vitamin E quinone. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 92(18), 8171-8175.
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