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Water Intoxication: How Much Water Is Too Much?
70% of the human body is made up of water. No wonder, this liquid is so essential for our well-being and survival.
But while drinking enough water every day is vital for maintaining the function of your organs and preventing electrolyte imbalance, like everything else on this planet, drinking too much of it can actually be dangerous for your health.
So, if you are wondering how much water is too much for your body, here's everything you need to know about water intoxication and its consequences.
What Is Water Intoxication?
Before I explain what water intoxication is, here's a short science lesson for you:
When you soak a raisin in water overnight, the raisin swells up and becomes a globe by the next day. Similarly, when you soak a piece of cucumber in concentrated salt solution (pickle water), it shrinks over time and becomes extremely salty to taste.
This process is called osmosis - the property of solvent to move across a semi-permeable membrane from a region of low concentration to high concentration until both compartments (on either side of the barrier) are in equilibrium.
In
simpler
terms,
it
means
when
you
drink
too
much
water,
it
dilutes
your
blood's
sodium
concentration
compared
to
its
concentration
within
the
cells
of
your
body.
This
causes
water
to
rush
into
your
cells,
causing
them
to
burst
open
and
lead
to
life-threatening
consequences,
especially
in
your
brain.
This
is
known
as
water
intoxication
(or
water
poisoning).
Signs And Symptoms Of Water Poisoning
When water intoxication causes your brain cells to swell up, they press against the inner surface of your skull, leading to excruciating headaches, nausea, and vomiting.
Other symptoms include high blood pressure, double vision, tremors and weakness in muscles, and difficulty in breathing.
In fact, if the water intoxication is too much, it can even lead to coma and death. And the people most at risk of dying because of this are soldiers and athletes whose symptoms of water poisoning are often confused with dehydration, thus causing their death after excessive efforts to "rehydrate" them.
How Much Water Is Too Much?
That depends on two factors: the filtration capacity of your kidneys and the duration of time during which you had it.
First up, healthy human kidneys are capable of filtering out upto 1 L of water every hour. So if you end up drinking more than that, that increases your risk of water intoxication. And this risk is higher for those with chronic kidney disease or with just one functional kidney.
Also, the duration of time matters a lot. For example, drinking 10-20 L of water within a few hours increases your risk of water intoxication drastically. But doing the same over a period of 24 hours does not.
How Much Water Should I Drink, Then?
This
question
does
not
have
a
one-size-fits-all
answer.
Instead,
the
amount
of
water
you
should
drink
every
day
depends
completely
on
your
physique,
your
unique
medical
condition,
and
your
exertion
level.
But
if
you
want
an
average
range,
men
should
drink
3.7
L
of
water
every
day
and
women
should
have
2.7
L.
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