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First Woman Reported Cured Of HIV After Stem Cell Transplant, Know Details
A leukaemia patient in the US has become the first woman and the third person to be cured of HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, after receiving a stem cell transplant, according to researchers.
In
a
presentation
at
Conference
on
Retroviruses
and
Opportunistic
Infections
(CROI)
in
the
US
on
Tuesday,
the
researchers
reported
that
the
woman
has
had
no
detectable
levels
of
HIV
for
14
months
despite
cessation
of
antiretroviral
therapy
(ART).
Stem
cells
have
the
unique
ability
to
develop
into
specialised
cell
types
in
the
body.
This is the third known case of HIV remission in an individual who received a stem cell transplant, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) said in a statement.
Watch the video here:
HIV remission resulting from a stem cell transplant had been previously observed in two cases.
The first, a Caucasian male, known as the "Berlin patient", experienced HIV remission for 12 years and was deemed cured of HIV. He died of leukaemia in September 2020.
A Latino male called the "London patient" has been in HIV remission for more than 30 months.
This third case suggests that cord stem cell transplantation should be considered to achieve HIV remission and cure for people living with HIV who require such a transplant for other diseases, the study team said in the statement.
The research was conducted by the International Maternal Pediatric Adolescent AIDS Clinical Trial Network (IMPAACT) P1107 observational study led by researchers at the University of California Los Angeles, and Johns Hopkins University.
The IMPAACT P1107 study began in 2015 and was designed to describe the outcomes of up to 25 participants living with HIV.
The case described at the meeting involves a woman of mixed race ancestry who had been on ART for HIV infection for four years at the time of her acute myeloid leukaemia diagnosis.
She achieved acute myeloid leukaemia remission after chemotherapy. Prior to receiving the stem cell transplant, the participant's HIV was well-controlled but detectable.
In
2017,
she
received
a
transplant
of
cord
blood
stem
cells
supplemented
with
adult
donor
cells
from
a
relative.
After
receiving
the
stem
cell
transplant,
she
engrafted
with
100
per
cent
cord
blood
cells
at
day
100
and
had
no
detectable
HIV,
the
researchers
said.
At 37 months post-transplant, the patient ceased ART, they said. According to the study team, no HIV was detected in the participant for 14 months except for a transient detection of trace levels of HIV DNA in the woman's blood cells at 14 weeks after stopping ART.
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