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Osteoporosis: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment
Osteoporosis means porous bones; it refers to a bone disease which takes place when your bone density is lowered and the bone-producing ability of your body reduces too. Both men and women get affected by this disease but women are more prone to it post menopause as their body experiences a lack of oestrogen and this hormone aids in protecting against the ailment [1] .
This disease makes you more prone to the risk of bone fractures, even if you get a minor injury. It leads to around 8.9 million fractures across the world. Hip, wrist and spine are commonly affected by this condition.
Symptoms Of Osteoporosis
The most common symptoms of this disease are as follows [2] -
- Brittle bones which can get fractured easily.
- Fractured vertebra causing back pain.
- Losing height over time.
- Bent posture.
Causes Of Osteoporosis
Low
oestrogen
in
women
Around
menopause,
the
oestrogen
levels
start
dropping
and
the
lack
of
oestrogen
in
women
triggers
bone
loss
which
makes
them
more
prone
to
the
risk
of
osteoporosis
and
fractures
as
the
bones
turn
more
brittle
and
weaker.
Low
testosterone
in
men
Men
require
testosterone
and
oestrogen
hormones
to
maintain
their
bone
health.
The
lack
of
these
hormones
results
in
the
reduction
of
the
bone
density
triggering
the
chances
of
hip
fracture,
spinal
cord
fracture,
etc.
in
men.
Other hormones lead to this condition too
Other hormones like parathyroid hormones and growth hormones also play a role in the regulation of bone density. When the parathyroid hormones are secreted in excess in the body, the bones release too much calcium into the bloodstream which leads to a decline in bone density.
Lack
of
calcium
Calcium
is
a
very
crucial
mineral
which
our
body
requires
to
maintain
bone
health
and
when
there
is
a
lack
of
calcium,
your
body
takes
it
from
your
bones
which
results
in
making
them
weak
and
fragile.
Lack
of
vitamin
D
Also
known
as
the
sunshine
vitamin,
vitamin
D
aids
in
the
absorption
of
calcium
by
our
body.
Lack
of
this
vitamin
results
in
the
weakening
of
the
bones.
Lack
of
exercise
Exercising
regularly
is
important
to
maintain
bone
health.
A
sedentary
lifestyle
results
in
faster
loss
of
bone
density.
Make
sure
you
include
weight-bearing
exercises
in
your
workout
regime
to
prevent
this
condition.
Smoking and excess alcohol consumption
Apart from causing various health issues, drinking and smoking also trigger osteoporosis by affecting your bone health. Studies reveal that our bone health gets affected adversely by the nicotine present in the cigarettes; it blocks the ability of our body to use calcium, vitamin D and oestrogen. Similarly, drinking too much alcohol affects the functioning of the pancreas and lowers our body's ability to absorb calcium and vitamin D.
Other causes
Other causes of osteoporosis include having certain medicines such as cortisone, glucocorticoids, prednisone, hydrocortisone, anti-seizure drugs, etc. which are consumed to treat various health conditions like asthma, colitis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, etc. are associated with bone loss too. Steroid drugs can weaken your bones leading to osteoporosis.
Treatment For Osteoporosis
This condition can't be completely reversed but you can manage it with the help of various methods:
Diet
Follow
a
healthy
diet
which
includes
foods
rich
in
calcium
and
vitamin
D.
Avoid
cigarettes
and
alcohol
consumption
to
halt
the
loss
of
calcium
from
your
bones.
Regular
exercise
Work
out
on
a
regular
basis
to
make
sure
you
don't
lose
bones
quickly.
Include
simple
weight-bearing
exercises
in
your
regime
like
climbing
stairs,
jogging,
hiking,
brisk
walking,
etc.
You
can
also
play
tennis
and
stay
fit.
Medication
You
could
also
visit
a
doctor
to
get
yourself
checked
and
get
medicines
accordingly.
FDA-approved
bone-building
medicines
called
teriparatide
and
oestrogen-boosting
drugs
are
some
of
the
medicines
your
doctor
could
prescribe
to
you.
- [1] Dobbs, M. B., Buckwalter, J., & Saltzman, C. (1999). Osteoporosis: the increasing role of the orthopaedist. The Iowa orthopaedic journal, 19, 43–52.
- [2] de Souza M. P. (2015). OSTEOPOROSIS DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT. Revista brasileira de ortopedia, 45(3), 220–229. doi:10.1016/S2255-4971(15)30361-X
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