Adult ADHD: Symptoms and Diagnosis

Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a mental health condition characterised by behavioural, emotional, social, vocational, and academic problems. It was once thought that ADHD is limited to childhood. But now studies have revealed that ADHD persists in adulthood too! It is a neurological condition in adults.

According to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), there are three subtypes of ADHD. Inattentive, hyperactive/impulsive, and combined. In Adult ADHD, the hyperactive/impulsive subtype is found apparent. About one-third to two-third of children who present ADHD symptoms from early childhood continue to express ADHD symptoms in adulthood as well. In some cases it is diagnosed only in adulthood when the symptoms become more aggressive.

Symptoms of adult ADHD: Difficulty in maintaining attention, low self-esteem, distractibility, impulsivity and restlessness are common symptoms of ADHD. Adult ADHD impairs executive functions which cause difficulty in remembering information, concentrating, organising tasks, and management of memory. Adult ADHD causes persistent and significant impairment in different areas of life.

Causes of adult ADHD: The exact cause of ADHD is not yet known. The truth is that adults who are newly diagnosed with ADHD have actually had ADHD for years. Many studies suggest that ADHD has a strong genetic component. Smoking and drinking during pregnancy, environmental pollutants, exposure to lead, and impairment of certain brain chemicals known as neurotransmitters and head injuries are some at the point of doubt for causing ADHD.

Diagnosis: Diagnosis of the condition includes evaluation by medical practitioners, where they examine mainly personal history. Observational evidence from family members, relatives and friends play a great role in diagnosing Adult ADHD. Diagnosis of ADHD in adults can be difficult because most of the ADHD symptoms mimic signs of conditions, such as anxiety or mood disorders. Neuro-psychological tests are therefore, done mainly to rule out other possibilities or diagnose co-morbid conditions.

Treatment and Prognosis: Thriving treatment of ADHD is usually a combination of medication, cognitive behavioural therapy, and skills training. This will help the individual work more efficiently and productively by bringing down the symptoms to a certain level.

Our social responsibilities: According to laws such as the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, Adult ADHD is considered as an impairment that may constitute a disability. The workplaces and educational institutions should try to provide appropriate adjustments or modifications, to help the individual work more efficiently and productively.

As a society, we are responsible in the rehabilitation of patients with Adult ADHD.